Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What is a chromosome?

1. AA strand of RNA that leaves the nucleus
2. BA long DNA molecule, packed with proteins, carrying many genes
3. CA single gene that codes for one protein
4. DA small organelle in the cytoplasm that makes ATP for the cell

What is an allele?

1. AA section of DNA between genes
2. BA different version of the same gene
3. CA protein made from a gene
4. DA pair of matching chromosomes from each parent

К какой группе биомолекул относится большинство ферментов?

1. AК минеральным веществам
2. BК липидам
3. CК белкам
4. DК углеводам

How does facilitated diffusion differ from active transport?

1. AIt moves only water and no other substances
2. BIt needs no energy and moves substances down their gradient
3. CIt works without any membrane proteins
4. DIt needs ATP and moves substances against their gradient

A cut in the skin heals as new skin cells fill the wound. Which process produces these cells?

1. AMitosis
2. BBinary fission
3. CFertilisation
4. DMeiosis

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

1. AIt accepts electrons at the end of the transport chain
2. BIt breaks pyruvate into lactic acid
3. CIt is built into glucose molecules
4. DIt is split to release the energy needed for glycolysis

Cyanide stops mitochondria from making ATP. Which process in the affected cells would stop first?

1. AFacilitated diffusion of glucose down its gradient
2. BSimple diffusion of oxygen into the cell
3. CPumping of Na⁺ and K⁺ by the sodium-potassium pump
4. DOsmosis of water across the membrane

A cell is 0,00002 m wide. Which value is equal to this width?

1. A0,2 mm
2. B20 µm
3. C200 µm
4. D2 µm