Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What is a karyotype?

1. AA picture of a cell's chromosomes arranged in pairs by size
2. BA map of the organelles inside a cell
3. CA list of all the proteins that a cell makes during its life
4. DA diagram of a family's inheritance pattern

Что из перечисленного является липидом?

1. AГемоглобин
2. BТриглицерид (жир)
3. CДНК
4. DГликоген — запасная форма глюкозы

What is homeostasis?

1. AMaking identical copies of a cell
2. BKeeping a stable internal environment
3. CBreaking down food for energy
4. DChanging a species over many generations

Why does each type of virus infect only certain kinds of cells?

1. AIt must find cells with the same DNA as its own
2. BIt must attach to specific receptor proteins on the cell surface
3. CIt can only enter cells that are dividing by meiosis at that time
4. DIt can only enter cells that have no nucleus

A deletion removes exactly three bases, forming one whole codon, from the middle of a gene. What is the most likely result?

1. AThe protein becomes three times longer
2. BEvery amino acid after the deletion is changed to a new one
3. CNo protein can be made at all
4. DThe protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged

Many vitamins act as coenzymes. What does this mean?

1. AThey are built into the cell membrane
2. BThey help enzymes carry out their reactions
3. CThey are digested to release large amounts of energy
4. DThey replace enzymes that have been denatured

A breastfed baby receives antibodies from its mother's milk. Why does this protection last only a short time?

1. AThe baby's stomach makes the antibodies more active
2. BThe baby did not make these antibodies and forms no memory cells
3. CThe antibodies turn into memory cells after a few weeks
4. DThe antibodies from breast milk attack the baby's own red blood cells

Why are mutations in mitochondrial DNA passed on only from mothers to their children?

1. ASperm cells contain no DNA at all
2. BMitochondrial DNA is on the X chromosome
3. CThe zygote's mitochondria come from the egg
4. DOnly women have mitochondria in their cells