Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What is a mutagen?

1. ASomething that can cause changes in DNA
2. BAn enzyme that copies DNA
3. CA protein that repairs damaged DNA
4. DA cell that divides without control

What is a pedigree in genetics?

1. AA picture of a person's chromosomes arranged in pairs by size
2. BA table of codons and amino acids
3. CA chart that shows how a trait is inherited in a family
4. DA list of all the genes in an organism

What is an organism's genome?

1. AAll of its genetic material
2. BA single gene on one chromosome
3. CThe traits that can be seen
4. DThe proteins made by one cell

Many vitamins act as coenzymes. What does this mean?

1. AThey help enzymes carry out their reactions
2. BThey replace enzymes that have been denatured
3. CThey are digested to release large amounts of energy
4. DThey are built into the cell membrane

A student's hypothesis is "Salt water slows the growth of bean seedlings." Which is a prediction based on it?

1. ASeedlings given plain water will die within a week
2. BSeedlings given salt water will grow less than those given plain water
3. CBean seedlings need sunlight and water to grow well
4. DSalt water is made of sodium chloride and water

Clostridium tetani grows in deep puncture wounds but is killed by oxygen. How is this bacterium described?

1. AAn obligate aerobe
2. BAn obligate anaerobe
3. CA facultative anaerobe
4. DA photosynthetic bacterium

A restriction enzyme cuts at three sites in a linear piece of DNA. How many fragments are produced?

1. A2
2. B4
3. C3
4. D6

Какова основная причина рака на клеточном уровне?

1. AКлетки полностью перестают делиться и погибают
2. BКлетки теряют все свои митохондрии
3. CМутации в генах клеточного цикла вызывают неконтролируемое деление
4. DБактерии проникают в ядро и заменяют собственную ДНК клетки своей