Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What is a trait that is controlled by many genes called?

1. AA codominant trait
2. BA sex-linked trait
3. CA polygenic trait
4. DA recessive trait

Какова функция лизосомы?

1. AОна переваривает отходы и изношенные части
2. BОна хранит генетическую информацию клетки
3. CОна синтезирует белки из аминокислот
4. DОна улавливает энергию света для клетки

What are homologous chromosomes?

1. ATwo chromosomes that are always the X and the Y
2. BA matching pair, one from each parent, that carry the same genes
3. CTwo identical copies of one chromosome made when DNA is replicated
4. DChromosomes that are found only in gametes

A tall pea plant could be TT or Tt. Which cross will best reveal its genotype?

1. ACross it with a TT plant
2. BCross it with another tall plant
3. CLet it grow for a longer time
4. DCross it with a short (tt) plant

Что происходит в реакции дегидратационного синтеза (конденсации)?

1. AДва мономера соединяются, и выделяется молекула воды
2. BВода удаляется из клетки путём осмоса
3. CКлетка высыхает и погибает
4. DПолимер расщепляется с присоединением молекулы воды

Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

1. ACellular respiration
2. BPhotosynthesis
3. CBurning fossil fuels
4. DDecomposition

Scientists put a human gene into bacteria to make a protein. Why do they use a DNA copy made from the mature mRNA instead of the gene taken straight from human DNA?

1. AHuman DNA has no start codons
2. BBacteria cannot read human codons
3. CBacteria cannot remove introns
4. DBacteria have no ribosomes

Plasmids with an ampicillin-resistance gene are mixed with bacteria, which are then spread on a plate containing ampicillin. Why do only a few colonies grow?

1. AAll the bacteria die, and the colonies are fungi
2. BOnly the bacteria that took up the plasmid can survive
3. CAmpicillin makes some bacteria take up the plasmid
4. DThe plasmid kills the bacteria that do not grow