Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What does it mean that a cell membrane is selectively permeable?

1. AIt lets no substance cross at all
2. BIt lets every substance cross freely in both directions
3. CIt lets only water molecules cross
4. DIt lets some substances cross but not others

In biology, what is a clone?

1. AAn organism that carries genes from two different species
2. BA genetically identical copy of an organism, cell or gene
3. CA cell with an extra chromosome
4. DAn offspring of two different parents

What is activation energy?

1. AThe energy stored in a molecule of ATP
2. BThe energy needed to start a chemical reaction
3. CThe heat released when a reaction finishes
4. DThe energy plants take in from sunlight

An organism is multicellular, makes its own food by photosynthesis and has cell walls of cellulose. Which kingdom does it belong to?

1. APlants
2. BAnimals
3. CBacteria
4. DFungi

Why do red blood cells have a flattened, biconcave disc shape?

1. AIt gives a large surface area for gas exchange
2. BIt helps them divide faster
3. CIt makes them stick to vessel walls
4. DIt lets them hold a larger nucleus and more DNA

What happens in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

1. AGlucose is broken down to release energy
2. BCO₂ is built into sugar using ATP and NADPH
3. CWater is split to release oxygen
4. DLight is absorbed by chlorophyll

A single-celled organism has a nucleus, no cell wall and swims using cilia. In which group is it best placed?

1. AProtists
2. BBacteria
3. CFungi
4. DPlants

Two genes lie very close together on the same chromosome. In a test cross, most offspring look like the parents instead of the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio. Why?

1. AThe genes are linked and are rarely separated by crossing over
2. BA frameshift mutation happened in both genes
3. CBoth genes show incomplete dominance
4. DThe genes are on different chromosomes and assort independently