Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What is a bacteriophage?

1. AA virus that infects bacteria
2. BA fungus that kills bacteria
3. CA bacterium that infects viruses
4. DA white cell that eats bacteria

In which form do animals store glucose in the liver and muscles?

1. ACellulose
2. BStarch
3. CGlycogen
4. DChitin

Where in the cell does glycolysis take place?

1. AIn the mitochondrial matrix
2. BIn the cytoplasm
3. CIn the chloroplast
4. DIn the nucleus

Nearly all cells in a person's body contain the same DNA. Why do nerve cells and muscle cells look and work so differently?

1. AMuscle cells have extra DNA from mitochondria
2. BEach cell type has a different set of chromosomes
3. CNerve cells have lost the genes for muscle proteins
4. DDifferent genes are switched on in each type of cell

A student switches a light microscope from low power to high power. What happens to the field of view?

1. AIt gets larger and brighter
2. BIt gets smaller and usually darker
3. CIt stays the same size but gets brighter
4. DIt gets larger but less detailed

Why do many plants close their stomata on hot, dry days?

1. ATo reduce water loss
2. BTo release more oxygen
3. CTo speed up photosynthesis
4. DTo take in more carbon dioxide

A karyotype shows three copies of chromosome 21. Which condition does this indicate, and how many chromosomes does the person have?

1. AKlinefelter syndrome, with 45 chromosomes
2. BDown syndrome, with 45 chromosomes
3. CDown syndrome, with 47 chromosomes
4. DTurner syndrome, with 47 chromosomes

An old idea says giraffes got long necks because each one stretched to reach leaves and passed the longer neck to its young. Why is this idea rejected?

1. AOnly plants can pass on traits to offspring
2. BNeck length is not affected by any genes
3. CGiraffes do not eat leaves from tall trees, so stretching is not needed
4. DChanges acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes