Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What is transpiration?

1. AThe growth of roots towards water
2. BThe movement of sugars through the phloem to the roots
3. CThe loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant
4. DThe taking in of CO₂ for photosynthesis

Which sugar is found in DNA?

1. ARibose
2. BFructose
3. CDeoxyribose
4. DGlucose

What is cell differentiation?

1. AThe process by which cells become specialised
2. BThe process by which DNA is copied
3. CThe process by which cells die on purpose
4. DThe process by which a cell divides into two

The genetic code is described as nearly universal. What does this mean?

1. AEvery cell in the body makes the same proteins
2. BAll organisms have the same number of chromosomes in their cells
3. CThe same codons mean the same amino acids in nearly all organisms
4. DAll organisms have exactly the same genes

In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions happen?

1. AIn the stroma
2. BIn the outer membrane
3. CIn the cell wall
4. DIn the thylakoid membranes

Golden rice was genetically modified to make beta-carotene. What is the aim?

1. ATo help prevent vitamin A deficiency
2. BTo make the rice grow faster in cold climates
3. CTo make the rice resistant to all insects
4. DTo increase the protein content of the rice

Пепсин работает в желудке, где pH около 2. Что произошло бы с его активностью в тонкой кишке, где pH около 8?

1. AОна не изменилась бы, потому что pH не влияет на ферменты
2. BОна повысилась бы, потому что ферменты предпочитают щелочные условия
3. CОна снизилась бы, потому что pH далёк от оптимального
4. DОн превратился бы в другой фермент, переваривающий жир

A patient is given a large volume of hypotonic IV fluid too quickly. What is the most likely effect on the patient's cells?

1. ANothing changes, because cells are not affected by IV fluid
2. BWater moves out of the cells, and they shrink
3. CWater moves into the cells, and they swell
4. DSalt moves into the cells, and they burst