Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

Что такое гипотеза в научном методе?

1. AПроверяемое объяснение или предположение
2. BСписок выполненных измерений
3. CВывод, доказанный как истинный
4. DШирокое объяснение, подтверждённое многими экспериментами

Какова основная функция аппарата Гольджи?

1. AОбразование АТФ в процессе клеточного дыхания
2. BРегуляция включения генов
3. CМодификация и упаковка белков
4. DКопирование ДНК перед делением клетки

What does gel electrophoresis separate?

1. AChromosomes by their colour
2. BCells by their shape
3. CDNA fragments by size
4. DBlood into plasma and cells

What is a bacterial endospore?

1. AA tough, dormant form that survives heat, drying and many disinfectants
2. BA small ring of DNA that carries antibiotic resistance genes
3. CA hair-like structure used to swim towards food
4. DA reproductive cell that bacteria use to make new colonies quickly

What is an inversion mutation?

1. AA segment of a chromosome moves to a different, non-matching chromosome
2. BA whole extra chromosome is added to the cell
3. CA segment of a chromosome is lost completely
4. DA chromosome segment breaks off and is reattached the wrong way round

In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions happen?

1. AIn the stroma
2. BIn the outer membrane
3. CIn the thylakoid membranes
4. DIn the cell wall

An old idea says giraffes got long necks because each one stretched to reach leaves and passed the longer neck to its young. Why is this idea rejected?

1. AGiraffes do not eat leaves from tall trees, so stretching is not needed
2. BNeck length is not affected by any genes
3. CChanges acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes
4. DOnly plants can pass on traits to offspring

A plant that is AaBb is crossed with an AaBB plant. A and B are dominant, and the genes assort independently. What fraction of the offspring show both dominant traits?

1. A9/16
2. B3/4
3. C1/4
4. D1/2