Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

Какова основная функция аппарата Гольджи?

1. AКопирование ДНК перед делением клетки
2. BОбразование АТФ в процессе клеточного дыхания
3. CМодификация и упаковка белков
4. DРегуляция включения генов

Что из перечисленного является грибом?

1. AEscherichia coli
2. BВирус гриппа
3. CДрожжи
4. DАмёба

Какое утверждение описывает бактерии?

1. AЭто многоклеточные организмы, как растения
2. BЭто не клетки, а частицы из белка и ДНК
3. CЭто одноклеточные прокариоты
4. DЭто одноклеточные эукариоты с ядром

In a food chain, producers hold 10 000 units of energy. Roughly how much is passed on to the primary consumers?

1. AAbout 1000 units
2. BAbout 10 000 units
3. CAbout 5000 units
4. DAbout 10 units

A greenhouse is warm and brightly lit, but the air has very little carbon dioxide. What is most likely limiting the rate of photosynthesis?

1. AThe number of stomata
2. BThe temperature
3. CThe light intensity in the greenhouse
4. DThe carbon dioxide concentration

To insert a human gene into a bacterial plasmid, scientists cut both the gene and the plasmid with the same restriction enzyme. Why?

1. ASo the gene is turned into RNA
2. BSo both pieces become exactly the same length
3. CSo the plasmid loses all its genes
4. DSo the cut ends match and can join together

HIV infects and destroys helper T cells. Why do people with untreated advanced HIV get infections that healthy people rarely get?

1. ATheir immune response is too weak to control normally harmless microbes
2. BHIV kills the normal flora of the skin and gut
3. CThe virus turns harmless microbes into pathogens
4. DHelper T cells make the antibiotics that the body needs to fight infection

Redi placed meat in open jars and in jars covered with gauze. Maggots appeared only on meat that flies could reach. What did this show?

1. AFlies form from rotting meat, and then they lay eggs on fresh meat
2. BMaggots come from eggs laid by flies, not from the meat itself
3. CMeat turns into maggots when exposed to air
4. DGauze produces chemicals that stop meat from rotting