Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

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1.Лёгкая

What is apoptosis?

  1. AProgrammed cell death
  2. BFusion of two gametes
  3. CDivision of the cytoplasm
  4. DUncontrolled cell division
2.Лёгкая

What does the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) do?

  1. AIt separates proteins by their charge
  2. BIt makes many copies of a piece of DNA
  3. CIt cuts DNA at specific sequences
  4. DIt turns RNA into protein
3.Лёгкая

What does homozygous mean?

  1. AHaving an extra chromosome
  2. BHaving two different alleles for a gene
  3. CHaving two identical alleles for a gene
  4. DHaving only one copy of a gene
4.Средняя

Which of these is part of the body's innate (non-specific) defence?

  1. AT cells that recognise one virus
  2. BAntibodies made after vaccination
  3. CMemory B cells from an earlier infection
  4. DThe skin and stomach acid
5.Средняя

Which statement about identical and non-identical twins is correct?

  1. ABoth kinds of twin always share all of their genes
  2. BNon-identical twins come from one zygote that splits in two
  3. CIdentical twins come from two eggs that are fertilised by a single sperm
  4. DIdentical twins come from one zygote; non-identical twins come from two
6.Средняя

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

  1. AIt brings single amino acids to the ribosome
  2. BIt stores genetic information in the nucleus
  3. CIt carries the code from DNA to the ribosome
  4. DIt forms part of the ribosome and helps join amino acids
7.Сложная

Fresh liver is dropped into hydrogen peroxide and bubbles form quickly. Boiled liver gives no bubbles. What is the best conclusion?

  1. ABoiled liver contains more hydrogen peroxide than fresh liver
  2. BHydrogen peroxide is broken down only by heat
  3. CThe bubbles are carbon dioxide from respiration
  4. DLiver contains an enzyme that is destroyed by boiling
8.Сложная

After a long course of broad-spectrum antibiotics, a patient develops severe diarrhoea caused by Clostridioides difficile. What is the most likely reason?

  1. AC. difficile was made by the patient's own immune system
  2. BThe antibiotics killed normal gut bacteria that kept C. difficile in check
  3. CThe antibiotics made the gut lining produce spores
  4. DThe antibiotics changed some of the harmless gut bacteria into C. difficile

Ответы

  1. 1. A · Programmed cell death
  2. 2. B · It makes many copies of a piece of DNA
  3. 3. C · Having two identical alleles for a gene
  4. 4. D · The skin and stomach acid
  5. 5. D · Identical twins come from one zygote; non-identical twins come from two
  6. 6. D · It forms part of the ribosome and helps join amino acids
  7. 7. D · Liver contains an enzyme that is destroyed by boiling
  8. 8. B · The antibiotics killed normal gut bacteria that kept C. difficile in check

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