Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What is a pedigree in genetics?

1. AA picture of a person's chromosomes arranged in pairs by size
2. BA chart that shows how a trait is inherited in a family
3. CA list of all the genes in an organism
4. DA table of codons and amino acids

Which codon signals the start of translation in most genes?

1. AAUG
2. BUAG
3. CUGA
4. DUAA

What is natural selection?

1. AAnimals choosing which mates they like best, so traits change at random
2. BOrganisms changing their genes when they need to
3. CIndividuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
4. DHumans breeding plants for useful traits

Which statement about Archaea is correct?

1. AThey are eukaryotes that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
2. BThey are prokaryotes, and many live in extreme environments
3. CThey are a type of virus
4. DThey are multicellular plants

Что такое мутация?

1. AНормальное копирование ДНК перед делением
2. BИзменение последовательности оснований в ДНК
3. CСпаривание гомологичных хромосом
4. DИзменение числа клеток в ткани

Identical twins raised in different homes have different body weights. What does this show?

1. ABody weight is controlled by a single gene
2. BThe phenotype depends on environment as well as genotype
3. CMutations happened in every cell of one twin
4. DThe twins must have different genotypes for body weight genes

A patient breathes very slowly, so carbon dioxide builds up in the blood. What happens to the blood pH, and why?

1. AIt rises, because CO₂ is a base
2. BIt falls, because CO₂ forms carbonic acid in the blood
3. CIt rises, because CO₂ removes hydrogen ions
4. DIt stays the same, because CO₂ does not dissolve in blood

A diploid cell contains 10 units of DNA in G1. How many units are in each cell at the end of meiosis II?

1. A2,5 units
2. B20 units
3. C10 units
4. D5 units