Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

В какой органелле происходит фотосинтез?

1. AВ митохондрии
2. BВ аппарате Гольджи
3. CВ ядре
4. DВ хлоропласте

What is an organism's genotype?

1. AThe alleles it carries for a trait
2. BThe traits that can be seen or measured
3. CThe environment in which it lives
4. DThe number of cells in its body

Какова функция лизосомы?

1. AОна улавливает энергию света для клетки
2. BОна переваривает отходы и изношенные части
3. CОна хранит генетическую информацию клетки
4. DОна синтезирует белки из аминокислот

Что определяет форму и функцию белка?

1. AЧисло фосфатных групп, которые он несёт
2. BКоличество глюкозы в клетке
3. CПоследовательность его аминокислот
4. DПорядок жирных кислот в мембране

In a food chain, which organisms are the producers?

1. AFungi that break down dead material
2. BAnimals that eat only plants, such as rabbits and deer
3. CPredators at the top of the chain
4. DPlants and algae that make food by photosynthesis

What are introns?

1. AShort pieces of DNA made on the lagging strand
2. BNon-coding sections removed from pre-mRNA before translation
3. CCodons that tell the ribosome to stop translation
4. DCoding sections joined together to form the mature mRNA

A mutation changes one amino acid in an enzyme. In which location is the change most likely to stop the enzyme from working?

1. AIn the gene's stop codon
2. BIn the active site
3. COn the outer surface, far from the active site
4. DIn a section that is removed after the protein is made

Fertiliser washes from farmland into a lake. Algae grow rapidly, then die, and later many fish die. What is the main cause of the fish deaths?

1. AThe fertiliser is directly poisonous to fish
2. BThe algae release carbon dioxide that poisons fish
3. CThe fish eat too many algae and become ill
4. DBacteria decomposing the dead algae use up the oxygen