Лабораторные показатели и электролиты: лист заданий с ответами

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

1. ASerum is what is left after blood clots, minus clotting factors
2. BPlasma is the fluid left after blood clots, without fibrinogen
3. CSerum and plasma are two names for exactly the same fluid
4. DSerum contains all the red cells, while plasma contains none

Which group of symptoms is linked to hypercalcemia ("stones, bones, groans and moans")?

1. AKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and confusion
2. BJaundice, itching, pale stools and dark urine
3. CTetany, muscle cramps, tingling and seizures
4. DHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhea

A raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is most typical of:

1. AInflammation of the lining of the urinary bladder
2. BAcute damage to the heart muscle
3. CLow production of hormone by the thyroid gland
4. DBlocked bile flow or increased bone turnover

При хронической болезни почек высокий фосфат в сыворотке обычно сопровождается каким изменением кальция?

1. AОтсутствием изменений кальция
2. BТолько высоким калием в сыворотке без изменения кальция
3. CНизким кальцием в сыворотке
4. DВысоким кальцием в сыворотке

A woman with hyperemesis gravidarum has vomited for 3 days. Which urine finding would the nurse expect?

1. AKetones
2. BRed cell casts
3. CNitrites
4. DBilirubin

A patient is starting atorvastatin. Which laboratory test is usually checked at baseline?

1. ASerum lipase
2. BBlood cultures
3. CLiver enzymes
4. DThyroid antibodies

A patient with a large, fast-growing lymphoma will start chemotherapy tomorrow. Which plan best prevents tumor lysis syndrome?

1. AFluid restriction and a high-potassium diet before the treatment
2. BCalcium supplements and a high-phosphate diet during treatment
3. CIV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes
4. DNo special measures, because the risk starts only after a week

A young adult has fatigue, bruising and fever. The white cell count is 85 × 10³/µL with many blasts, the hemoglobin is 7,9 g/dL (79 g/L) and the platelets are 22 × 10³/µL. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. AAcute viral infection
2. BPolycythemia vera
3. CAcute leukemia
4. DIron-deficiency anemia