Лабораторные показатели и электролиты: лист заданий с ответами

Using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, which HbA1c range is classed as prediabetes?

1. A4,0–5,6% (20–38 mmol/mol)
2. B5,7–6,4% (39–47 mmol/mol)
3. C6,5–7,5% (48–58 mmol/mol)
4. D8,0–9,0% (64–75 mmol/mol)

Какой признак типичен для высокого уровня магния в сыворотке?

1. AСниженные или отсутствующие глубокие сухожильные рефлексы
2. BСильная жажда
3. CОживлённые рефлексы и подёргивания мышц
4. DКарпальный спазм при накачивании манжеты

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. ARed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin
2. BFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs
3. CProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver
4. DGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas

A patient with type 2 diabetes has a target HbA1c below 7% (53 mmol/mol). Today's result is 7,8% (62 mmol/mol). What is the best interpretation?

1. AAverage glucose over the past months has been above the target
2. BGlucose control has been excellent for the past several months
3. CThe patient has had frequent episodes of severe hypoglycemia
4. DThe result shows today's fasting glucose is above the target

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AVitamin B₁₂
2. BFolate (folic acid)
3. CIron (low ferritin)
4. DVitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Which instruction is correct for a patient taking an oral potassium chloride supplement?

1. ACrush the extended-release tablets and mix them with a little water if needed
2. BUse a salt substitute as well, so less of the tablet is needed each day
3. CTake it on an empty stomach with only a small sip of water to speed absorption
4. DTake it with food and a full glass of water, and do not crush extended-release tablets

A patient has marked generalized edema. Results show heavy proteinuria, serum albumin 1,8 g/dL (18 g/L) and total cholesterol 340 mg/dL (8,8 mmol/L). Which condition fits best?

1. APrerenal kidney injury
2. BLiver cirrhosis only
3. CAcute pyelonephritis
4. DNephrotic syndrome

An older adult with type 2 diabetes is drowsy and very dehydrated. Glucose 920 mg/dL (51 mmol/L), serum osmolality 350 mOsm/kg, pH 7,36, urine ketones negative or trace. Which condition fits best?

1. AHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
2. BDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
3. CSyndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
4. DMetformin-related lactic acidosis