Терапия и хирургия: сердечно-сосудистая и дыхательная системы: лист заданий с ответами

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt moves mucus up towards the throat
2. BIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
3. CIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open
4. DIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood

Какова основная роль антикоагулянтов, таких как гепарин или апиксабан?

1. AПолностью растворять существующие сгустки в течение нескольких минут
2. BПовышать число тромбоцитов после операции или кровотечения
3. CПредотвращать образование новых сгустков и рост уже существующих
4. DНе давать тромбоцитам слипаться друг с другом

Which symptom should a patient taking a statin report promptly?

1. AUnexplained muscle pain or weakness
2. BA brief headache on the first day
3. CMild hunger before meals
4. DSlightly darker morning urine

How does digoxin help a patient with atrial fibrillation and heart failure?

1. AIt lowers potassium to stabilise the heart
2. BIt slows AV node conduction and increases contractility
3. CIt speeds conduction through the AV node to the ventricles
4. DIt dissolves clots that have formed in the left atrium

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. AA sharply defined red patch with fever
2. BA cold, white foot with no pulse
3. CPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
4. DBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin

Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

1. AA tall, thin young man who smokes
2. BA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure
3. CAn older woman with long-standing heart failure
4. DA child with a viral sore throat

After four days of antibiotics for pneumonia, a patient still has fever and pleuritic pain. There is dullness and reduced breath sounds at the right base. What complication should be suspected?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic
2. BNormal recovery from pneumonia
3. CAsthma triggered by the infection
4. DA parapneumonic effusion or empyema

A patient who injects drugs has a fever, a new heart murmur and splinter haemorrhages. Before antibiotics are started, what is most important?

1. AArrange an exercise ECG test
2. BWait for an echocardiogram before taking any samples
3. CTake several sets of blood cultures from separate sites
4. DTake a single blood culture from the cannula