Терапия и хирургия: сердечно-сосудистая и дыхательная системы: лист заданий с ответами

In hospital, how is oxygen therapy treated?

1. AAs a treatment kept only for patients who are near the end of life
2. BAs a comfort measure that needs no prescription or monitoring
3. CAs a medicine that needs a prescription with a target range
4. DAs a treatment that patients adjust themselves

Which of these is a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease?

1. AFamily history
2. BMale sex
3. CSmoking
4. DOlder age

Почему пациентов с ХОБЛ учат дышать через сжатые губы?

1. AЭто повышает содержание кислорода во вдыхаемом воздухе
2. BЭто укрепляет диафрагму на вдохе
3. CЭто удерживает мелкие дыхательные пути открытыми во время выдоха
4. DЭто уменьшает позывы к кашлю в течение дня

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
4. DIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears

The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
2. BDeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything
3. CGive IV amiodarone as a bolus
4. DStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team

Which ECG finding is typical of atrial flutter?

1. ARegular sawtooth flutter waves between QRS complexes
2. BWide, bizarre QRS complexes at 180/min
3. CA chaotic baseline with no clear P waves and irregular QRS
4. DP waves with no relationship to the QRS complexes

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. ADecompensated heart failure
2. BAn asthma attack
3. CHyperventilation from anxiety
4. DA primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Плевральный дренаж пациента случайно вытащили. Каково немедленное действие?

1. AПопросить пациента сильно кашлять, чтобы расправить лёгкое
2. BОставить отверстие открытым, чтобы вышел накопившийся воздух
3. CЗакрыть место стерильной окклюзионной повязкой и позвать на помощь
4. DВдвинуть дренаж обратно в грудную клетку и закрепить пластырем