Терапия и хирургия: сердечно-сосудистая и дыхательная системы: лист заданий с ответами

In which situation can a pulse oximeter show a falsely normal reading?

1. ABreathing room air
2. BCarbon monoxide poisoning
3. CA regular pulse of 80/min
4. DA warm hand at rest

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
2. BThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung
3. CThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
4. DAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange

Что такое высокопоточная носовая оксигенация?

1. AКислород через плотно прилегающую полнолицевую маску, подключённую к аппарату ИВЛ
2. BКислород через маску с резервуарным мешком при 15 L/min
3. CПодогретый увлажнённый кислород через носовые канюли при потоке до примерно 60 L/min
4. DСухой кислород через стандартные носовые канюли при 1–4 L/min

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. AGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
2. BUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
3. CMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser
4. DRun it at the highest possible gas flow

After coronary artery bypass surgery through a median sternotomy, which instruction is usually given for the first several weeks?

1. ASleep only on the stomach to protect the wound
2. BLift the arms above the head often to stretch the chest
3. CAvoid heavy lifting and pushing up with the arms
4. DAvoid walking until the stitches are removed

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
2. BAvoid all potassium-containing foods
3. CStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
4. DTake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption

A nurse is reviewing four telemetry patients. Which rhythm needs attention first?

1. ARate-controlled atrial fibrillation at 82/min
2. BRepeated runs of ventricular tachycardia in a patient who feels dizzy
3. CFirst-degree heart block with a stable blood pressure and no symptoms
4. DSinus bradycardia of 54/min in a patient who is asleep and comfortable

A patient on three blood pressure drugs still has high readings at every visit. What should the nurse check first?

1. AWhether the patient is taking the medicines as prescribed
2. BWhether a fourth drug can be added at today's appointment
3. CWhether the readings should be ignored
4. DWhether the patient needs surgery on the renal arteries