Терапия и хирургия: ЖКТ, периоперационный период и онкология: лист заданий с ответами

What is dyspepsia?

1. ADifficulty swallowing solid food and tablets
2. BUpper abdominal discomfort, often called indigestion
3. CPain in the rectum on opening the bowels
4. DVomiting of blood after a large meal

Which preoperative allergy must be communicated so that theatre equipment can be changed?

1. ACat hair allergy
2. BPollen allergy
3. CLatex allergy
4. DHouse dust mite allergy

What is cancer cachexia?

1. AWeight gain caused by steroid treatment
2. BA fever that occurs after every chemotherapy cycle and lasts several days
3. CA skin rash from radiotherapy
4. DSevere loss of weight and muscle that diet alone does not reverse

Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AEmptying the pouch and measuring the output
2. BTeaching the patient about high-output risks
3. CDeciding whether IV fluids are needed
4. DAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis

Why does a patient need lifelong vitamin B₁₂ injections after total gastrectomy?

1. AThe small bowel stops absorbing all nutrients
2. BIntrinsic factor from the stomach is no longer made
3. CVitamin B₁₂ is lost in the urine after the surgery
4. DThe liver can no longer store any vitamins

Which technique is correct when giving a prefilled low molecular weight heparin injection?

1. ALeave the air bubble in and inject into a skin fold
2. BExpel the air bubble first and inject into the deltoid muscle
3. CRub the site firmly afterwards to help absorption
4. DInject into a vein in the back of the hand

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
2. BIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
3. CIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose
4. DIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high

Через два дня после начала химиотерапии лимфомы высокой степени злокачественности диурез пациента снижается; калий 6,4 mmol/L, фосфат высокий, кальций низкий. Что должна заподозрить и сделать медсестра?

1. AОжидаемые побочные эффекты химиотерапии: действия не нужны до следующего цикла
2. BСиндром лизиса опухоли: сообщить выше, начать кардиомониторинг и ожидать внутривенные жидкости
3. CАллергическую реакцию: дать антигистаминное и продолжить как обычно
4. DПростое обезвоживание: побуждать пить жидкости и перепроверить анализы на следующей неделе