Терапия и хирургия: ЖКТ, периоперационный период и онкология: лист заданий с ответами

Какая самая частая причина непроходимости тонкой кишки у взрослых в странах с высоким уровнем дохода?

1. AЖелчные камни, застрявшие в шейке желчного пузыря
2. BСпайки после предыдущих операций
3. CПроглоченные инородные тела
4. DКолоректальный рак

Using the rule of nines in an adult, what percentage is the whole head and neck?

1. A9%
2. B4,5%
3. C1%
4. D18%

Which statement describes moderate ("conscious") sedation?

1. AThe patient cannot be roused by any stimulus, even a painful one
2. BThe patient is drowsy but responds to voice or light touch
3. CThe patient needs a ventilator to breathe
4. DThe patient is fully alert and anxious

Which advice helps prevent dumping syndrome after gastrectomy?

1. ASmall, frequent meals low in simple sugars, with fluids between meals
2. BSit upright and walk briskly straight after every meal
3. CA high-sugar diet with fruit juice to keep energy levels up
4. DThree large meals a day with plenty of sweet drinks with each meal

Which nursing care helps a new skin graft take?

1. AKeeping the area still and avoiding shearing forces
2. BRemoving the dressing every hour to look at it
3. CEncouraging the patient to exercise the area straight away
4. DMassaging the graft firmly several times a day

Why does a patient need lifelong vitamin B₁₂ injections after total gastrectomy?

1. AIntrinsic factor from the stomach is no longer made
2. BThe small bowel stops absorbing all nutrients
3. CThe liver can no longer store any vitamins
4. DVitamin B₁₂ is lost in the urine after the surgery

A patient on immunotherapy for melanoma has six watery stools a day and abdominal cramps. What should the nurse do?

1. AAdvise eating more fibre and fruit to firm up the stools
2. BReassure that diarrhoea is normal and harmless
3. CEscalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
4. DGive loperamide and review next week

В хирургическом отделении четыре пациента. Какого пациента медсестра должна осмотреть первым?

1. A3-й день после операции: просит слабительное от запора
2. BЧерез четыре часа после операции на кишечнике: пульс 118/мин, АД 90/55 mmHg
3. CНейтропения: час назад температура была нормальной, чувствует себя хорошо
4. DСтабильная илеостома: просит помощи со сменой мешка