Терапия и хирургия: ЖКТ, периоперационный период и онкология: лист заданий с ответами

What does the grade of a cancer describe?

1. AHow far the cancer has spread in the body
2. BThe patient's age when diagnosed
3. CHow abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope
4. DHow many treatments the patient has had so far, including surgery

Почему у пациента с нейтропенией избегают ректальной термометрии и свечей?

1. AОни мешают всасыванию химиотерапии
2. BОни могут повредить слизистую и позволить бактериям попасть в кровь
3. CОни ещё больше снижают число лейкоцитов
4. DОни всегда дают ложно заниженные показания температуры

Which signs suggest a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. AA painless rash on both shins
2. BSwelling, pain, warmth and redness of one calf
3. CItching between the toes of both feet
4. DCold, pale feet on both sides with no pulse

Почему пациентов учат поддерживать рану на животе подушкой при кашле?

1. AЭто ускоряет заживление краёв кожи
2. BЭто заменяет необходимость регулярного обезболивания
3. CЭто уменьшает боль и напряжение, и они могут хорошо откашляться
4. DЭто ослабляет кашель, чтобы не подвергать рану риску

Which liver function test pattern suggests bile duct obstruction?

1. ANormal bilirubin with a low ALP and low GGT
2. BVery high ALT with a normal bilirubin only
3. CHigh bilirubin with a markedly raised ALP and GGT
4. DA low albumin with all other results normal

What is the most important safety point about misoprostol?

1. AIt causes severe constipation in most patients
2. BIt strongly raises blood glucose in people with diabetes
3. CIt can cause miscarriage and must not be used in pregnancy
4. DIt must be given only by deep intramuscular injection

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk the family to override the decision
2. BCancel the surgery without discussing it
3. CRespect the decision, document it and inform the team
4. DPlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed

A colleague suggests giving a saline injection to see whether a patient's pain is "real". What is the best response?

1. AIt is a good idea, as long as the patient is not told about it afterwards
2. BIt is acceptable if a senior nurse gives the saline
3. CIt should be done only for patients with chronic pain
4. DDeceptive placebos are unethical and do not show pain is "fake"