Терапия и хирургия: ЖКТ, периоперационный период и онкология: лист заданий с ответами

Which finding is typical of a perforated peptic ulcer?

1. ASlow onset of mild pain relieved fully by eating
2. BSudden severe abdominal pain with a rigid, board-like abdomen
3. CPainless bright red bleeding from the rectum over several days
4. DA soft, non-tender abdomen with loud, frequent bowel sounds

Which electrolyte typically falls in refeeding syndrome?

1. ACalcium
2. BChloride
3. CPhosphate
4. DSodium

Why is nail varnish or a gel nail often removed from at least one finger before surgery?

1. ABecause the varnish can make the anaesthetic gas less effective
2. BBecause it is a checklist rule with no clinical reason
3. CBecause varnish raises the patient's blood pressure
4. DSo pulse oximetry readings and nail colour can be assessed accurately

Which liver function test pattern suggests bile duct obstruction?

1. AA low albumin with all other results normal
2. BHigh bilirubin with a markedly raised ALP and GGT
3. CNormal bilirubin with a low ALP and low GGT
4. DVery high ALT with a normal bilirubin only

Какое нарушение электролитов может возникнуть при тяжёлом остром панкреатите?

1. AГипернатриемия
2. BГипокальциемия
3. CГиперкальциемия
4. DГиперкалиемия

Which nursing care helps a new skin graft take?

1. AEncouraging the patient to exercise the area straight away
2. BMassaging the graft firmly several times a day
3. CRemoving the dressing every hour to look at it
4. DKeeping the area still and avoiding shearing forces

Six hours after surgery, a patient has not passed urine, has lower abdominal discomfort and a bladder scan shows 750 mL. What should the nurse do?

1. ARestrict fluids until the urge returns
2. BGive a diuretic to increase urine flow
3. CCatheterise as per protocol or prescription
4. DWait another twelve hours before acting

A patient took a large paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 6 hours ago and says they feel completely well. Which statement is correct?

1. ATreatment is not needed if the patient has not vomited
2. BLiver damage may still develop, and appears only days later
3. CFeeling well means the dose was too small to cause harm
4. DLiver damage after paracetamol occurs only within the first hour or so