Терапия и хирургия: ЖКТ, периоперационный период и онкология: лист заданий с ответами

What is a parastomal hernia?

1. AA bulge of bowel through the abdominal wall next to a stoma
2. BA sore, red area of skin under the stoma bag from leaking output
3. CA stoma that has sunk below the level of the skin
4. DA narrowing of the stoma opening

A patient receiving external beam radiotherapy asks whether they are radioactive. What is correct?

1. AYes, so they must avoid all contact with children and pregnant women
2. BOnly their clothes are radioactive afterwards
3. CNo, they are not radioactive and can be with family
4. DYes, for one month after each session

Where should a diathermy return electrode (plate) be placed?

1. AOver a bony area such as the hip bone
2. BOn clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle
3. COn skin covered with spirit-based prep that is still wet
4. DOver a metal joint replacement

Which instruction is important during bowel preparation for colonoscopy?

1. ADrink plenty of clear fluids while taking the preparation
2. BTake the preparation only if the bowels have not opened
3. CEat a high-fibre meal the evening before the test
4. DAvoid all fluids for 24 hours before the test

What is the most important safety point about misoprostol?

1. AIt causes severe constipation in most patients
2. BIt strongly raises blood glucose in people with diabetes
3. CIt must be given only by deep intramuscular injection
4. DIt can cause miscarriage and must not be used in pregnancy

Which advice helps prevent dumping syndrome after gastrectomy?

1. ASmall, frequent meals low in simple sugars, with fluids between meals
2. BSit upright and walk briskly straight after every meal
3. CA high-sugar diet with fruit juice to keep energy levels up
4. DThree large meals a day with plenty of sweet drinks with each meal

After surgery, a patient says they have "no pain" but grimaces, breathes shallowly and refuses to move or cough. What should the nurse do?

1. AExplore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery
2. BAccept the statement and record a pain score of 0
3. CInsist they walk without any analgesia
4. DTell the patient firmly that they must stop hiding their pain from staff

At the end of an operation, the final count shows one swab missing. What should happen?

1. ARecord the count as correct to avoid a delay
2. BTell the surgeon, search, and X-ray if it is not found
3. CClose the wound, as the swab was probably thrown away
4. DLet the patient leave and search the theatre later