Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Why is dexamethasone often given to patients with a brain tumour?

1. ATo kill the tumour cells directly
2. BTo reduce swelling around the tumour
3. CTo raise the blood pressure
4. DTo prevent infection after a biopsy

Какой тип диабета чаще всего связан с диабетическим кетоацидозом (ДКА)?

1. AПредиабет
2. BНесахарный диабет
3. CСахарный диабет 2 типа, леченный только диетой
4. DСахарный диабет 1 типа

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. ASensory nerves in the skin only
2. BThe optic nerves and retina
3. CThe nerves of the autonomic system only
4. DUpper and lower motor neurons

A patient with Addison's disease takes fludrocortisone as well as hydrocortisone. Why?

1. ATo treat a low thyroid hormone level
2. BTo replace the missing aldosterone
3. CTo replace the missing adrenaline
4. DTo lower the blood pressure

Припадок длится пять минут и продолжается. Каково обычное медикаментозное лечение первой линии?

1. AБензодиазепин, такой как лоразепам внутривенно или мидазолам трансбуккально
2. BАдреналин внутримышечно в наружную поверхность бедра
3. CВнутривенно 50% глюкоза у каждого пациента, затем переоценка
4. DНагрузочная доза фенитоина внутривенно до всего остального

A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?

1. AGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
2. BDoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image
3. CGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan
4. DRestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan

Why may HbA1c be unreliable in a patient with haemolytic anaemia or a recent large blood transfusion?

1. ABlood transfusions contain large amounts of glucose
2. BAnaemia always makes the HbA1c very high
3. CIt depends on how long red blood cells survive in the blood
4. DThe test only measures the glucose in the plasma, not in the cells

The nurse has four renal patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with a creatinine slightly above their usual level
2. BA patient with CKD asking about their phosphate binder
3. CA patient with mild itching from uraemia who wants a cream
4. DA patient with a potassium of 6,8 mmol/L who reports palpitations