Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland
2. BAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
3. CThyroid cancer
4. DToo much iodine in salt

Which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

1. AADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin
2. BTSH and ACTH
3. CGrowth hormone and prolactin
4. DInsulin and cortisol

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

1. AIt lowers blood glucose
2. BIt raises blood sodium
3. CIt raises blood calcium
4. DIt lowers blood potassium

A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?

1. ACheck the weight once a week
2. BMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
3. CGive large amounts of IV fluid
4. DEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids

Как рассчитывают церебральное перфузионное давление (ЦПД)?

1. AСреднее артериальное давление минус внутричерепное давление
2. BСреднее артериальное давление, делённое на частоту сердечных сокращений
3. CСистолическое артериальное давление плюс внутричерепное давление
4. DДиастолическое давление минус центральное венозное давление

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. AExpressive (Broca's) aphasia
2. BGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
3. CDysarthria from facial weakness
4. DReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia

A patient's glucose is 6,2 mmol/L (112 mg/dL) at 03:00 and 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL) before breakfast. No hypoglycaemia occurred overnight. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe Somogyi effect from a night-time hypo
2. BThe meter is faulty and should be replaced
3. CThe dawn phenomenon from early-morning hormones
4. DA large snack eaten in the night by mistake

A patient with nephrotic syndrome suddenly has loin pain, blood in the urine and a rise in creatinine. What is a likely cause?

1. AToo much dietary protein
2. BA simple bladder infection
3. CRenal vein thrombosis
4. DNormal fluctuation in the disease