Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. AUpper and lower motor neurons
2. BThe nerves of the autonomic system only
3. CSensory nerves in the skin only
4. DThe optic nerves and retina

What is an arteriovenous fistula?

1. AA blood clot that blocks an artery in the arm
2. BA surgical join between an artery and a vein
3. CA catheter placed into the abdominal cavity
4. DA plastic tube placed in a large neck vein

A stroke affects the anterior cerebral artery. Which weakness pattern is most typical?

1. ABoth legs are weak with normal arms
2. BThe opposite arm and face are weaker than the leg
3. CThe same side of the body is weak
4. DThe opposite leg is weaker than the arm

A patient has a nephrostomy tube. Which finding needs urgent action?

1. ASteady urine drainage into the bag
2. BDrainage that stops suddenly with new loin pain
3. CLight pink urine on the first day after insertion
4. DA dry, intact dressing at the site

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. APause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
2. BStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
3. CKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness
4. DDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose

A patient with Alzheimer's disease starts donepezil. Which side effects should the nurse look for?

1. ANausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
2. BDry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate
3. CWeight gain, high glucose and swollen ankles
4. DA persistent dry cough and a raised potassium

Two days after an ileal conduit was formed, the stoma is dark purple and dry. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it urgently, because the stoma may be ischaemic
2. BChange the bag and check again next week
3. CRecord it as normal for a new stoma
4. DApply a warm compress to improve the colour of the stoma

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3,5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. ADrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
2. BSeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
3. CStop insulin until the vomiting has settled
4. DWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)