Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Какой тип диабета чаще всего связан с диабетическим кетоацидозом (ДКА)?

1. AПредиабет
2. BНесахарный диабет
3. CСахарный диабет 1 типа
4. DСахарный диабет 2 типа, леченный только диетой

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
2. BKidney pain lasting more than a week
3. CA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
4. DAny single raised creatinine result

Which equipment should be ready at the bedside of a patient on seizure precautions?

1. AA urinary catheter in case of incontinence
2. BA tongue depressor to place between the teeth
3. CWrist restraints to stop the limbs jerking
4. DWorking suction and oxygen

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. ADoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
2. BStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
3. CIV thrombolysis within 4,5 hours
4. DUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect

A patient is due a rapid-acting insulin dose before lunch, but the meal trays are delayed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the insulin with a glass of water instead
2. BGive the insulin now and the meal when it comes
3. CWait to give the insulin until the meal arrives
4. DOmit the dose entirely for the rest of the day

A conscious patient with a glucose of 3,1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) can swallow safely. Which is the best first treatment?

1. AA glass of milk and two plain biscuits
2. BGlucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
3. CA dose of rapid-acting insulin with a sandwich
4. DA chocolate bar and a cup of tea with milk

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals
2. BFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises
3. CThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing
4. DThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal

У 22-летнего пациента с диабетом 1 типа глюкоза 28 mmol/L, кетоны 5,2 mmol/L, pH 7,10 и калий 5,9 mmol/L. Какое утверждение о калии верно?

1. AИнсулин следует отложить, чтобы уровень калия оставался стабильным
2. BОбщий калий в организме низок, и уровень упадёт при лечении
3. CОбщий калий в организме высок, поэтому сейчас нужен связывающий калий препарат
4. DКалий не нужно повторно проверять после начала инсулина