Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Какой тип дыхания типичен для диабетического кетоацидоза?

1. AДыхание Чейна–Стокса
2. BМедленное поверхностное дыхание
3. CЧастое поверхностное дыхание со свистом
4. DГлубокое частое дыхание (Куссмауля)

Which isolation precautions are used for a patient with suspected meningococcal meningitis?

1. AContact precautions only, with gloves for skin contact
2. BNo extra precautions, because it is not infectious
3. CAirborne precautions in a negative pressure room for 2 weeks
4. DDroplet precautions until about 24 hours of effective antibiotics

Почему перед тромболизисом при инсульте нужно сделать КТ головы?

1. AЧтобы измерить, как давно начались симптомы
2. BЧтобы исключить кровотечение, которое тромболизис усугубил бы
3. CЧтобы увидеть, нет ли у пациента ещё и перелома черепа
4. DЧтобы проверить, был ли у пациента инсульт раньше

A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done
2. BStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
3. CStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone
4. DWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
2. BIV thrombolysis within 4,5 hours
3. CStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
4. DDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR

Why is good blood pressure control important in chronic kidney disease?

1. AIt lowers the blood glucose
2. BIt raises the haemoglobin level in the blood
3. CIt cures chronic kidney disease
4. DIt slows the decline in kidney function

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. AStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging
2. BGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow
3. CNo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed
4. DUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy

A patient on a variable rate IV insulin infusion is nil by mouth. Why is a glucose-containing IV fluid usually given alongside it?

1. ATo stop the insulin sticking to the IV tubing
2. BTo prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
3. CTo replace the potassium lost from the cells
4. DTo speed up the action of the insulin in the muscles