Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Which description best fits type 2 diabetes?

1. AA total lack of insulin from birth
2. BInsulin resistance with a relative lack of insulin
3. CToo much insulin released after meals
4. DAutoimmune destruction of all beta cells in childhood

Why do women get urinary tract infections more often than men?

1. AThe urethra is shorter and closer to the anus
2. BWomen have more bacteria in their blood
3. CWomen's kidneys are smaller than men's
4. DWomen drink more fluids than men do each day

Which group of features is typical of Parkinson's disease?

1. AWeakness rising from the feet, with tingling and lost reflexes
2. BResting tremor, rigidity and slow movement
3. CDrooping eyelids and double vision that get worse later in the day
4. DIntention tremor, muscle wasting and twitching under the skin

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. APhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag
2. BPhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient
3. CThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
4. DThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours

Which picture fits anterior cord syndrome?

1. ALoss of movement and pain sense, with position sense kept
2. BNormal movement but complete loss of position sense
3. CWeakness on one side and loss of pain sensation on the other side
4. DArms much weaker than legs after a neck injury

A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?

1. AGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan
2. BDoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image
3. CRestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan
4. DGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids

A patient who had pituitary surgery has fatigue and feels cold. TSH is low, and free T4 is low. What is the most likely cause?

1. APrimary hypothyroidism from thyroid failure
2. BHyperthyroidism from Graves' disease
3. CSecondary hypothyroidism
4. DOver-replacement with levothyroxine

A patient with multiple sclerosis has had worse leg weakness for one day, together with a fever and burning on passing urine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA side effect of physiotherapy
2. BA true relapse that needs high-dose steroids
3. CA change to progressive MS
4. DA pseudo-relapse caused by infection