Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Which is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke?

1. AFamily history of stroke
2. BHigh blood pressure
3. COlder age
4. DMale sex

Какая группа симптомов типична для гипотиреоза?

1. AДиарея, тревога, потливость и выпученные глаза
2. BСильная жажда и выделение большого объёма мочи
3. CНепереносимость холода, усталость, прибавка массы тела и запор
4. DНепереносимость жары, потеря массы тела, мелкий тремор и сердцебиение

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. AThe nerves of the autonomic system only
2. BThe optic nerves and retina
3. CSensory nerves in the skin only
4. DUpper and lower motor neurons

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults
2. BConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
3. CA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
4. DOlder adults often show infection as confusion

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AExpect an orange tint to tears and urine
2. BReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
3. CDouble the dose if a seizure happens
4. DTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption

A patient's fistula starts to bleed at home after the needles were removed. What should they do first?

1. AApply a tight tourniquet above the fistula
2. BRaise the arm and let it bleed freely
3. CWait for the next dialysis session
4. DPress firmly on the site with clean gauze

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3,1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose
2. BDisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear
3. CSuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route
4. DIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours

The nurse has four renal patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with mild itching from uraemia who wants a cream
2. BA patient with a potassium of 6,8 mmol/L who reports palpitations
3. CA patient with a creatinine slightly above their usual level
4. DA patient with CKD asking about their phosphate binder