Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AAny single raised creatinine result
2. BA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
3. CAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
4. DKidney pain lasting more than a week

What does aldosterone do?

1. AMakes the kidneys keep sodium and lose potassium
2. BRaises the blood glucose between meals
3. CLowers the blood calcium after meals
4. DMakes the kidneys lose sodium and keep potassium

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults
2. BUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia
3. CIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
4. DIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. ALay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest
2. BFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal
3. CSit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards
4. DGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo
2. BBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines
3. CBeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen
4. DBeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo

Which CSF result is most typical of bacterial meningitis?

1. ACloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein
2. BClear fluid, many lymphocytes, normal glucose and slightly raised protein
3. CClear fluid with normal cells, glucose and protein
4. DBlood-stained fluid that clears in later tubes

У пациента с травмой спинного мозга на уровне T4 пульсирующая головная боль, АД 210/110 mmHg, покрасневшая потная кожа выше уровня травмы и пульс 50/мин. После того как пациента посадили, каков следующий приоритет?

1. AДать седативное средство и перепроверить давление через час
2. BНайти и устранить триггер, начиная с мочевого пузыря
3. CСнова уложить пациента плашмя и поднять ноги на подушки
4. DВвести быстрый болюс внутривенной жидкости для поддержки кровообращения

A patient taking digoxin has a potassium of 2,9 mmol/L. Why is this especially dangerous?

1. ALow potassium makes digoxin leave the body faster
2. BLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
3. CDigoxin raises the potassium to dangerous levels
4. DDigoxin stops working when potassium is low