Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

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1.Лёгкая

How does haemodialysis remove waste from the blood?

  1. AThe waste is removed through a tube in the bladder
  2. BThe blood is spun so that waste sinks to the bottom
  3. CWaste diffuses across a membrane into a cleaning fluid
  4. DA filter in the stomach absorbs waste from food
2.Лёгкая

Tapping the cheek in front of the ear makes the facial muscles twitch. What is this sign called?

  1. ATrousseau's sign
  2. BBattle's sign
  3. CKernig's sign
  4. DChvostek's sign
3.Лёгкая

What is Trousseau's sign?

  1. AHand spasm when a BP cuff is inflated on the arm
  2. BPain in the calf when the foot is bent upwards
  3. CTwitching of the face when the cheek is tapped
  4. DBruising around the eyes after a head injury
4.Средняя

An 80-year-old with angina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How is levothyroxine usually started?

  1. AAs a single large weekly injection
  2. BAt a low dose, increased slowly
  3. CAt a full dose from the first day
  4. DOnly after the angina has been cured
5.Средняя

Какой критерий острого повреждения почек (KDIGO) относится к диурезу?

  1. AНиже 1 L за 24 часа независимо от потребления
  2. BНиже 0,5 mL/kg/h в течение 6 часов и более
  3. CНиже 2 mL/kg/h в течение 1 часа
  4. DЛюбое изменение цвета мочи
6.Средняя

A patient with Graves' eye disease has gritty eyes and swelling around them in the morning. Which advice is most appropriate?

  1. AUse lubricating drops and sleep with the head raised
  2. BStay in bright sunlight to dry the eyes
  3. CRub the eyes firmly each morning to reduce the swelling
  4. DSmoking more will not affect the eyes
7.Сложная

A patient on haemodialysis is on a medical ward. Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

  1. ATeaching the patient about fluid restriction
  2. BWeighing the patient before they go to dialysis
  3. CAssessing the thrill and bruit of the fistula
  4. DDeciding which morning medicines to hold
8.Сложная

A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?

  1. AA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose
  2. BA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas
  3. CNormal for this patient, so no action is needed
  4. DSteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment

Ответы

  1. 1. C · Waste diffuses across a membrane into a cleaning fluid
  2. 2. D · Chvostek's sign
  3. 3. A · Hand spasm when a BP cuff is inflated on the arm
  4. 4. B · At a low dose, increased slowly
  5. 5. B · Ниже 0,5 mL/kg/h в течение 6 часов и более
  6. 6. A · Use lubricating drops and sleep with the head raised
  7. 7. B · Weighing the patient before they go to dialysis
  8. 8. D · Steroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment

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