Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Which is a common cause of a low potassium level?

1. ATaking a loop diuretic such as furosemide
2. BTaking an ACE inhibitor such as ramipril
3. CAddison's disease
4. DAdvanced chronic kidney disease

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is caused by drinking too little water
2. BIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
3. CIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
4. DIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys

What is an early sign of kidney damage from diabetes?

1. ABlood in the urine that is visible
2. BPain felt in both kidneys at night
3. CSmall amounts of albumin in the urine
4. DA very low blood urea level

Which headache feature most suggests raised intracranial pressure from a brain tumour?

1. AOnly present after reading for a long time
2. BBetter in the morning and worse with stress
3. CWorse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
4. DA tight band across the forehead that eases with rest

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. AReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
2. BDysarthria from facial weakness
3. CGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
4. DExpressive (Broca's) aphasia

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. AWashing prevents all infection from the lancet
2. BWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
3. CSoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger
4. DSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading

Four patients had a minor head injury with no loss of consciousness and a GCS of 15. Which one most needs a CT scan of the head?

1. AA 25-year-old with a small scalp graze after a fall
2. BA 40-year-old with a mild headache that is improving
3. CA 78-year-old who takes warfarin for atrial fibrillation
4. DA 30-year-old who bumped their head on a cupboard door

У 22-летнего пациента с диабетом 1 типа глюкоза 28 mmol/L, кетоны 5,2 mmol/L, pH 7,10 и калий 5,9 mmol/L. Какое утверждение о калии верно?

1. AОбщий калий в организме высок, поэтому сейчас нужен связывающий калий препарат
2. BИнсулин следует отложить, чтобы уровень калия оставался стабильным
3. CКалий не нужно повторно проверять после начала инсулина
4. DОбщий калий в организме низок, и уровень упадёт при лечении