Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Which symptoms in a patient with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome?

1. ABack pain that eases when walking around the house
2. BNumbness between the legs and new bladder problems
3. CPain that is worse after a long day at work
4. DMild stiffness in the morning that soon wears off

Which symptom is the classic warning sign of bladder cancer?

1. APainless visible blood in the urine
2. BBurning pain on passing urine
3. CLeaking urine when coughing
4. DSevere loin pain that comes in waves

What does a complete spinal cord injury mean?

1. AThe spinal cord has been cut into two separate pieces
2. BAll vertebrae in the neck are broken
3. CNo movement or feeling below the injury, even in the sacral area
4. DThe patient can move but cannot feel below the injury

After transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, which advice should the patient follow?

1. ABlow the nose often to clear any clots
2. BLie completely flat for at least a week after surgery
3. CAvoid blowing the nose, straining and bending forward
4. DDrink through a straw to keep the nose clean

A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AAvoid drinking fluids to reduce the vomiting
2. BKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
3. CCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better
4. DStop all insulin until normal eating restarts

Why can a patient with an insulin pump develop DKA within hours if the pump stops working?

1. AThe battery in the pump releases chemicals into the blood
2. BThe pump gives long-acting insulin, which builds up and stops working all at once
3. CThe pump gives only rapid-acting insulin, so there is no long-acting reserve
4. DThe body becomes allergic to insulin when the pump stops

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
2. BCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
3. CConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium
4. DCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect

A patient has had a high sodium of 160 mmol/L for several days. Why must it be corrected slowly?

1. ARapid correction can cause brain swelling
2. BRapid correction causes kidney stones
3. CThe sodium will rise again if corrected quickly
4. DRapid correction raises the blood glucose