Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Which heart rhythm greatly increases the risk of an embolic stroke?

1. AFirst-degree heart block
2. BSinus bradycardia
3. CAtrial fibrillation
4. DSinus arrhythmia

What is spinal shock?

1. AA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
2. BA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage
3. CA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma
4. DA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic

Which is a common cause of a low potassium level?

1. AAddison's disease
2. BTaking a loop diuretic such as furosemide
3. CTaking an ACE inhibitor such as ramipril
4. DAdvanced chronic kidney disease

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. APropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
2. BCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood
3. CCarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
4. DPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug

Какое утверждение о гиперосмолярном гипергликемическом состоянии (ГГС) верно?

1. AОно развивается за минуты и менее опасно, чем ДКА
2. BОно всегда вызывает высокие кетоны в крови и тяжёлый метаболический ацидоз
3. CОно встречается в основном у маленьких детей с диабетом 1 типа
4. DОно в основном поражает пожилых людей с диабетом 2 типа и развивается в течение дней

When the nurse squeezes the trapezius muscle, the patient brings a hand up above the collarbone towards the stimulus. Which GCS motor score is this?

1. A4, withdraws from pain
2. B6, obeys commands
3. C3, abnormal flexion
4. D5, localises to pain

A patient with known back pain says they now cannot feel the skin between their legs and have not passed urine for 12 hours. What should happen?

1. AA routine physiotherapy appointment next week
2. BAdvice to rest at home and take stronger painkillers
3. CA laxative and review in the clinic in a month
4. DUrgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons

A patient on warfarin starts levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What should the nurse expect to monitor more closely?

1. AThe potassium, because it may rise
2. BThe blood glucose, because it may fall
3. CThe INR, because it may rise
4. DThe urine output, because it may stop