Сестринское дело в педиатрии: лист заданий с ответами

How is congenital clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) usually treated first?

1. AWaiting until school age and then operating on the bones of the foot
2. BMassage alone, with no casts or braces
3. CGentle manipulation and serial casting (the Ponseti method)
4. DSpecial shoes worn only at night from age 5

Which supplement, taken before conception and in early pregnancy, reduces the risk of spina bifida?

1. AFolic acid
2. BVitamin C
3. CIron
4. DCalcium carbonate

For which child is a 0 to 10 numerical pain rating scale usually suitable?

1. AA 2-year-old with a recent fracture
2. BA 3-year-old who cannot yet count
3. CA child of about 8 years or older
4. DA newborn after a heel prick

Which finding is expected in a healthy 4-month-old?

1. ASays two or three clear words with meaning
2. BHolds the head steady when held upright, with little or no head lag
3. CSits steadily without support for several minutes while playing with toys
4. DPulls to stand while holding on to furniture

Which newborn problem may be the first sign of cystic fibrosis?

1. AErythema toxicum
2. BPhysiological jaundice
3. CUmbilical hernia
4. DMeconium ileus

A parent asks how to care for a child with mild croup at home. Which advice is correct?

1. ALay the child flat in a cool room so the airway can relax
2. BKeep the child calm and upright, and get urgent help if there is noisy breathing at rest
3. CGive an over-the-counter cough syrup every hour until the barking cough stops
4. DHold the child over a bowl of hot, steaming water to loosen the cough

A toddler has burns on both feet and the buttocks, with sharp "stocking" lines and no splash marks. What should the nurse consider?

1. AAn accidental spill from a cup of tea
2. BSunburn from playing outside in a paddling pool on a hot day
3. CPossible deliberate immersion; follow the safeguarding procedure
4. DA skin infection that looks like a burn

An infant with a large VSD now breathes faster, sweats during feeds and has gained 300 g overnight with puffy eyelids. What does this most likely indicate?

1. AWorsening heart failure with fluid retention
2. BGood growth thanks to improved feeding
3. CDehydration due to sweating during feeds
4. DAn allergic reaction to the new high-energy formula started yesterday