Сестринское дело в педиатрии: лист заданий с ответами

Which is the most common type of cancer in children?

1. AWilms tumour of the kidney
2. BRetinoblastoma of the eye
3. COsteosarcoma of the long bones
4. DAcute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Which is the most common congenital heart defect?

1. AVentricular septal defect
2. BTetralogy of Fallot
3. CTransposition of the great arteries
4. DCoarctation of the aorta

Which finding is typical of impetigo?

1. ASilvery scales on the elbows and knees
2. BTiny burrows between the fingers
3. CA target-shaped rash with a dusky, pale centre on the palms
4. DHoney-coloured crusts, often around the nose and mouth

A breastfed infant has gastroenteritis with mild dehydration. What should the nurse advise?

1. AContinue breastfeeding, and give oral rehydration solution as advised
2. BGive diluted fruit juice instead of breast milk
3. CStop breastfeeding until the diarrhoea has completely stopped, then restart slowly
4. DGive nothing by mouth for 24 hours

How can the nurse best support a child with autism on a children's ward?

1. AExplain all procedures only at the very last minute to avoid days of worry
2. BChange the nurse each shift so the child meets more people
3. CKeep routines predictable, reduce noise and use visual schedules
4. DPlace the child in the busiest bay near the nurses' station

Which factors can trigger a sickle cell crisis?

1. AEating a high-iron diet and taking daily multivitamins
2. BDehydration, infection, cold and low oxygen
3. CSleeping for long periods in a warm room
4. DDrinking plenty of water during hot weather

A child with cyanotic heart disease and polycythaemia has a fever and vomiting. Why is dehydration especially dangerous?

1. AIt causes the heart defect to close on its own
2. BIt makes the blood even thicker and raises the risk of stroke and thrombosis
3. CIt lowers the red cell count and causes severe anaemia
4. DIt leads to fluid overload and pulmonary oedema as the kidneys hold on to water

У ребёнка раннего возраста с крупом теперь стридор в покое, он возбуждён и выражены втяжения грудной клетки. Что является приоритетом?

1. AУложить ребёнка плашмя отдохнуть
2. BОсмотреть горло шпателем, чтобы найти причину шумного дыхания
3. CСрочно вызвать врача; это тяжёлый круп, который может потребовать небулизированного эпинефрина
4. DОтправить ребёнка домой с лекарством от кашля