Сестринское дело в педиатрии: лист заданий с ответами

Which factors increase the risk of retinopathy of prematurity?

1. AVery preterm birth and exposure to high oxygen levels
2. BBeing born after 42 weeks with a large birth weight
3. CBeing born by caesarean section at term
4. DPhototherapy for jaundice given without the use of eye shields

What causes scarlet fever?

1. AVaricella-zoster virus
2. BHuman herpesvirus 6
3. CStaphylococcus epidermidis
4. DGroup A streptococcus

How does respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mainly spread?

1. AThrough contaminated food and drinking water
2. BOnly through the air over long distances, like measles
3. CThrough droplets and contaminated hands and surfaces
4. DThrough the bites of insects such as mosquitoes

Why are IV fluids for young children given with an infusion pump or a volume-control set?

1. ATo remove bacteria from the fluid
2. BTo prevent accidental fluid overload
3. CTo allow the child to adjust the rate
4. DTo make the fluid warmer before it enters the vein

A 20-month-old drinks about 1,5 litres of cow's milk a day and eats little solid food. He is pale and tired. What is the most likely problem?

1. ALactose intolerance
2. BIron-deficiency anaemia
3. CSickle cell disease
4. DVitamin B12 deficiency

Which signs suggest meningitis in a young infant?

1. AA clear runny nose, a mild cough and normal feeding
2. BA sunken fontanelle with heavy wet nappies
3. CA bulging fontanelle, a high-pitched cry, poor feeding and irritability
4. DNeck stiffness and a positive Kernig's sign, as in older children and adults

A child with cyanotic heart disease and polycythaemia has a fever and vomiting. Why is dehydration especially dangerous?

1. AIt leads to fluid overload and pulmonary oedema as the kidneys hold on to water
2. BIt causes the heart defect to close on its own
3. CIt lowers the red cell count and causes severe anaemia
4. DIt makes the blood even thicker and raises the risk of stroke and thrombosis

Which practice most reduces the risk of errors with high-alert medicines such as insulin or opioid infusions in children?

1. ARounding doses up to the nearest whole number to keep things simple
2. BChecking the dose only when the drug is given for the first time
3. CAsking the child's parent to look at the syringe and confirm that the dose looks right
4. DAn independent double check by a second nurse before giving the medicine