Сестринское дело в педиатрии: лист заданий с ответами

Which practice most increases the risk of early childhood tooth decay?

1. ABrushing the teeth with a smear of fluoride toothpaste
2. BHaving a first dental visit by about the first birthday
3. CPutting a baby to bed with a bottle of milk or juice
4. DOffering water to drink between meals

Why are breastfed infants often given a vitamin D supplement?

1. ABreast milk contains too little protein for growth
2. BVitamin D prevents newborn jaundice
3. CVitamin D prevents iron-deficiency anaemia
4. DBreast milk contains little vitamin D

What is cerebral palsy?

1. AAn infection of the spinal cord that causes sudden paralysis of the legs
2. BA progressive muscle disease in which muscle fibres are slowly replaced by fat
3. CA non-progressive disorder of movement and posture from damage to the developing brain
4. DA genetic disorder of collagen that makes the bones break easily

The parents of a 2-year-old worry that she eats much less than she did as a baby. She is growing along her centile. What should the nurse advise?

1. AAppetite falls as growth slows; offer small, healthy portions without pressure
2. BEncourage her to finish every meal, even if this takes a long time at the table
3. CGive extra bottles of milk to make up for the meals she refuses
4. DThis is a sign of illness and she needs blood tests

A child with type 1 diabetes has a stomach bug and is eating very little. What is the correct advice about insulin?

1. AGive insulin only if the child is vomiting
2. BKeep giving insulin, check glucose and ketones more often and follow the sick-day plan
3. CStop all insulin until the child is eating normally again, then restart at the usual dose
4. DGive double the usual insulin to prevent ketones

A child receiving chemotherapy has painful mouth ulcers (mucositis). Which mouth care is best?

1. AA soft toothbrush or sponge, bland rinses and soft, cool foods
2. BSpicy and acidic foods to stimulate saliva flow
3. CMouthwash containing alcohol several times a day
4. DA hard toothbrush and lemon–glycerine swabs to clean the ulcers

Newborn screening shows congenital hypothyroidism. The parents ask why a baby who looks well needs treatment. What is the best answer?

1. AThe baby could pass the condition to other children in the family
2. BTreatment is only cosmetic, to prevent a swollen neck (goitre) developing later in childhood
3. CThe baby will develop diabetes if the thyroid is not treated now
4. DWithout early treatment it can cause lasting learning disability and poor growth

Какая находка у ребёнка с вентрикулоперитонеальным шунтом требует немедленных действий?

1. AНормальный аппетит и игры
2. BЗажившие рубцы по ходу шунта
3. CГоловная боль, повторная рвота и нарастающая сонливость
4. DНебольшая мягкая шишка над клапаном, не меняющаяся