Сестринское дело в педиатрии: лист заданий с ответами

У ребёнка, которому пора вакцинироваться, лёгкая простуда и температура 37,8 °C. Каков общий принцип?

1. AВакцинацию нужно отложить на 4 недели, пока ребёнок не выздоровеет
2. BРебёнок должен сначала принять антибиотики
3. CЛёгкое заболевание не является причиной откладывать вакцинацию
4. DРебёнок должен получить только половину дозы

Which finding suggests hydrocephalus in an infant?

1. AA flat area on the back of the head
2. BA sunken fontanelle with dry mucous membranes and few wet nappies
3. CA small head with a closed fontanelle at birth
4. DA rapidly increasing head circumference with a bulging fontanelle

Which pattern is typical of roseola infantum?

1. AA rash that appears first, followed by a whole week of high fever and cough
2. BA bright red rash on both cheeks, like a slap
3. CItchy blisters in crops that crust over within days
4. DHigh fever for a few days, then a pink rash as the fever settles

A newborn has a cephalohaematoma. What should the nurse monitor closely over the next days?

1. AJaundice, because the breakdown of the trapped blood adds to bilirubin
2. BUrine colour, because the swelling causes kidney damage
3. CBlood pressure, because the swelling causes hypertension
4. DHead circumference twice daily, because it signals hydrocephalus

If the MMR and varicella vaccines are not given on the same day, what is the general rule?

1. ASeparate them by at least 4 weeks
2. BSeparate them by at least 1 week
3. CNever give both vaccines in the same year
4. DGive the second within 24 hours of the first

Why are elbow splints often used after cleft lip repair?

1. ATo keep the baby's arms warm and still after surgery and anaesthesia
2. BTo make the baby sleep for longer
3. CTo stop the baby touching or rubbing the suture line
4. DTo keep the IV cannula from being needed

A 2-year-old has had three febrile urinary tract infections. Which underlying condition should be considered?

1. ANephrotic syndrome
2. BHypospadias
3. CVesicoureteral reflux
4. DTesticular torsion on both sides

How is pain best assessed in a 10-year-old with severe cerebral palsy who cannot speak?

1. AWith a 0–10 numerical scale, by asking the child to point to a number on a printed chart
2. BWith a behavioural tool such as revised FLACC, using the parents' knowledge of usual cues
3. COnly by checking whether the heart rate is above normal
4. DPain cannot be assessed, so analgesia is given only on request