Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Что такое международное непатентованное (генерическое) название лекарства?

1. AХимическая формула, напечатанная на упаковке
2. BНепатентованное название действующего вещества
3. CНазвание, выбранное компанией для маркетинга
4. DНазвание аптеки, которая его изготовила

Для лечения какого состояния применяют левотироксин?

1. AДиабета 1 типа
2. BБолезни Аддисона
3. CГипертиреоза
4. DГипотиреоза

Varenicline helps people stop smoking because it:

1. ABlocks dopamine receptors in the brain completely
2. BIs a nicotinic partial agonist that reduces craving and reward
3. CMakes cigarettes taste bitter
4. DIs a form of nicotine absorbed slowly through the skin

A patient with suspected sepsis has blood cultures ordered and a first antibiotic dose due. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the antibiotic first, then take blood cultures the next day
2. BWait for the culture results before giving any antibiotic
3. CGive the antibiotic only if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F)
4. DTake the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once

A patient receives lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding shows that it is working?

1. AHigher blood ammonia with improved appetite
2. BTen watery stools a day and a low serum potassium
3. CNo bowel movement for three days, with less confusion than before
4. DBetter alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day

A patient with a peanut allergy is taught to use an adrenaline auto-injector. Which statement is correct?

1. AUse it only if the antihistamine has not worked after an hour
2. BThere is no need to see a doctor if the swelling goes down
3. CKeep it at home so it is not lost
4. DCall emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve

A patient with heart failure on furosemide is also given metolazone, a thiazide-like diuretic. Which risk increases most?

1. ASevere hypertension, tachycardia and fluid retention
2. BSevere hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia and dehydration
3. CHypoglycaemia and weight gain
4. DHyperkalaemia and fluid overload

A woman has received a high-dose oxytocin infusion with large volumes of hypotonic fluid for many hours. She now has a headache, confusion and a low serum sodium. What is the most likely cause?

1. ANormal tiredness after a long labour
2. BWater intoxication from the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin
3. CExcessive salt in the infusion fluid
4. DAn allergic reaction to oxytocin causing brain swelling