Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Propylthiouracil and carbimazole (or its active form methimazole, also called thiamazole) are used to treat which condition?

1. AHypothyroidism
2. BAdrenal insufficiency
3. CHyperthyroidism
4. DType 1 diabetes

How do second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine and loratadine differ from older ones?

1. AThey block H2 receptors in the stomach
2. BThey work only on the skin
3. CThey cause much less drowsiness
4. DThey are given only by injection

Почему некоторые курсы антибиотиков нужно завершать так, как назначено?

1. AЧтобы уменьшить риск, что выжившие бактерии вызовут рецидив или устойчивость
2. BЧтобы антибиотик со временем стал вкуснее
3. CПотому что организму нужно несколько дней, чтобы научиться самому вырабатывать антибиотик
4. DЧтобы антибиотик не повредил печень

How does sucralfate help a peptic ulcer heal?

1. AIt forms a protective coating over the ulcer base
2. BIt kills Helicobacter pylori directly
3. CIt neutralises acid by releasing bicarbonate
4. DIt blocks histamine H2 receptors in the stomach

Why is propranolol usually avoided in patients with asthma?

1. AIt increases mucus production by blocking histamine
2. BIt stimulates alpha-1 receptors in the airways and raises blood pressure
3. CIt causes tolerance to inhaled corticosteroids
4. DIt blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways and can cause bronchospasm

A patient with suspected sepsis has blood cultures ordered and a first antibiotic dose due. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the antibiotic first, then take blood cultures the next day
2. BWait for the culture results before giving any antibiotic
3. CTake the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
4. DGive the antibiotic only if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F)

A patient taking long-term hydroxychloroquine for lupus is advised to have regular eye examinations. Why?

1. AThe drug can cause retinal toxicity that may be permanent
2. BThe drug causes cataracts within a few weeks of starting
3. CThe drug stains the cornea blue
4. DThe drug raises pressure inside the eye

A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?

1. AHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
2. BVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
3. CWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once
4. DNormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week