Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Зачем некоторым людям с болезнями сердца назначают аспирин в низкой дозе?

1. AЧтобы уменьшить агрегацию тромбоцитов и предотвратить тромбы
2. BЧтобы немедленно снять боль в груди
3. CЧтобы замедлить сердечный ритм
4. DЧтобы снизить уровень холестерина в крови и стабилизировать бляшки

Какой пероральный препарат обычно является препаратом первой линии при диабете 2 типа?

1. AМетформин
2. BИнсулин гларгин
3. CПреднизолон
4. DЛевотироксин

Why do nurses wear chemotherapy-tested gloves and gowns when handling cytotoxic drugs?

1. ATo keep the drugs warm during the infusion
2. BTo protect the drug from light
3. CTo avoid exposure to drugs that may cause cancer or birth defects
4. DBecause cytotoxic drugs are radioactive and give off radiation

Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?

1. AIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
2. BIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction
3. CIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously
4. DIt causes immediate kidney failure

Which group of signs suggests opioid withdrawal?

1. APinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness
2. BYawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea
3. CConstipation, itching and a slow heart rate
4. DDry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision and confusion

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
2. BMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs
3. CHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
4. DStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover

Before starting long-term bisphosphonate treatment, a patient is advised to have a dental check-up. Why?

1. AThey are linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental surgery
2. BBisphosphonates stain the teeth black if taken for many years
3. CBisphosphonates cause severe gum overgrowth
4. DBisphosphonates dissolve tooth enamel within weeks

A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?

1. AWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once
2. BNormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week
3. CVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
4. DHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin