Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

In hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose is given mainly to:

1. ALower the blood ammonia level
2. BRaise the blood glucose level
3. CStop bleeding from varices
4. DReduce fluid in the abdomen

What is the normal serum sodium range in adults?

1. A150–165 mmol/L
2. B95–105 mmol/L
3. C3,5–5,0 mmol/L
4. D135–145 mmol/L

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ABecause one drug alone causes no side effects
2. BBecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
3. CTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
4. DTo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance

During an infusion of a vesicant chemotherapy drug, the patient reports burning, and the site is swollen. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the infusion rate to finish quickly
2. BRemove the cannula at once and massage the area firmly
3. CFlush the line with a large volume of saline
4. DStop the infusion, leave the cannula in and follow the protocol

У пациента тяжёлое нарушение функции почек. Лекарство в основном выводится с мочой в неизменённом виде. Какова обычная коррекция?

1. AУменьшить дозу или увеличить интервал между приёмами
2. BУвеличить дозу, чтобы компенсировать плохое всасывание
3. CНичего не менять, потому что выведение возьмёт на себя печень
4. DДавать лекарство внутрь вместо внутривенного введения

During an oxytocin infusion, contractions become very frequent and the fetal heart rate shows late decelerations. What is the nurse's first action?

1. AIncrease the infusion to finish labour quickly
2. BGive a second oxytocin bolus
3. CStop the oxytocin infusion
4. DPosition the woman flat on her back

Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?

1. AIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people
2. BIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
3. CIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor
4. DIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures

An older patient who has taken omeprazole for many years has muscle cramps, tremor and an irregular heartbeat. Which lab finding is most likely linked to the drug?

1. AHigh serum sodium
2. BLow serum glucose
3. CLow serum magnesium
4. DHigh serum calcium