Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

What does pharmacokinetics describe?

1. AWhat a drug does to the body: its effects, receptors and mechanisms of action
2. BHow drugs are manufactured and packaged
3. CWhat the body does to a drug: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
4. DHow the price of a drug is set

How does tramadol relieve pain?

1. ABlocking COX enzymes in the periphery
2. BAntagonising NMDA receptors in the spinal cord and blocking sodium channels
3. CBlocking sodium channels in peripheral nerves
4. DWeak opioid agonism plus inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline

Fluconazole is used to treat infections caused by:

1. AGram-negative bacteria
2. BParasites such as malaria
3. CViruses such as influenza
4. DFungi such as Candida

A patient is starting lisinopril. Which rare but serious adverse effect should the nurse teach the patient to report immediately?

1. ADarker skin after exposure to sunlight
2. BSwelling of the lips, tongue or face
3. CAn increase in appetite in the evening
4. DA harmless rash on the palms of the hands

An Rh-negative mother gives birth to an Rh-positive baby. When is anti-D immunoglobulin usually given?

1. AWithin 72 hours after the birth
2. BAt least two weeks after the birth
3. COnly at the start of the next pregnancy
4. DIt is not needed if the baby is Rh-positive

During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?

1. AAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
2. BA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
3. CAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
4. DA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner

Why should a dose never be written as "5,0 mg" on a medication order?

1. AIt means the dose must be given five times
2. BThe pharmacy cannot supply doses that contain a decimal point
3. CIt is too precise for most drugs
4. DThe decimal point may be missed, and the dose read as 50 mg

A patient who has had several courses of bleomycin develops a dry cough and worsening breathlessness. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAsthma caused by anxiety
2. BPulmonary fibrosis from bleomycin
3. CA normal effect that will pass in a day
4. DHeart failure from bleomycin