Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Какой белок плазмы связывает большинство кислых лекарств, например варфарин?

1. AИнсулин
2. BАльбумин
3. CГемоглобин
4. DФибриноген

Which harmless effect of rifampicin should patients be warned about?

1. AWhite spots on the teeth
2. BGreen colouring of the stools
3. COrange-red colouring of urine, sweat and tears
4. DBlue colouring of the fingernails and lips

Disulfiram is used in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. ACauses an unpleasant reaction if alcohol is drunk
2. BRemoves alcohol from the blood faster
3. CCures liver damage caused by alcohol
4. DReplaces alcohol at its receptors in the brain

A man takes finasteride. What should be explained about handling the tablets?

1. AAnyone can handle the tablets, as they contain no active drug
2. BThe tablets must be stored in the fridge
3. CThe tablets must be crushed before swallowing
4. DPregnant women should not handle crushed or broken tablets

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

1. AVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes
2. BVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid
3. CVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
4. DFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
2. BGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
3. CGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
4. DGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol

A patient who has taken lorazepam daily for many months stops it suddenly. Which serious complication may follow?

1. APinpoint pupils and coma
2. BSevere bradycardia
3. CWithdrawal seizures
4. DProfound respiratory depression

A teenager took a large overdose of diphenhydramine. He is agitated, hot, flushed and confused, with dry skin, dilated pupils and a full bladder. What is this pattern?

1. AOpioid toxidrome
2. BSerotonin syndrome
3. CAnticholinergic toxidrome
4. DCholinergic toxidrome