Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Ондансетрон в основном применяют для лечения:

1. AЗапора
2. BТошноты и рвоты
3. CБактериальных инфекций
4. DВысокого давления

Which vitamin reverses the effect of warfarin?

1. AVitamin C
2. BVitamin E
3. CVitamin B12
4. DVitamin K

What is the normal serum potassium range in adults?

1. A1,5–2,5 mmol/L
2. B3,5–5,0 mmol/L
3. C135–145 mmol/L
4. D6,0–7,5 mmol/L

Why are many drugs started at lower doses in older adults?

1. AOlder adults absorb no drugs from the stomach
2. BOlder adults always weigh more than younger adults, so drugs last longer
3. CKidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases
4. DLower doses are cheaper for older patients

Which signs suggest early lithium toxicity?

1. ADiarrhoea, vomiting, coarse tremor and drowsiness
2. BVery high blood pressure and a severe headache
3. CPinpoint pupils and slow breathing
4. DHair loss and dark urine only

Which adverse effects are typical of donepezil?

1. ADry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate
2. BNausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
3. CHair loss and skin pigmentation
4. DWeight gain and high blood glucose

Why are tetracyclines usually avoided in pregnancy and in young children (under 8 years in US guidance, under 12 years in the UK)?

1. AThey bind to growing teeth and bone and stain the teeth permanently
2. BThey block the action of growth hormone and stunt the child's growth
3. CThey cause grey baby syndrome in infants
4. DThey cause severe hearing loss in children

Which statement correctly contrasts donepezil and memantine in Alzheimer's disease?

1. ADonepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors
2. BBoth drugs remove amyloid plaques from the brain
3. CDonepezil blocks NMDA receptors; memantine inhibits acetylcholinesterase
4. DBoth drugs are dopamine agonists that differ only in their half-lives