Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

How is pernicious anaemia usually treated?

1. AWith vitamin B12 injections, usually for life
2. BWith blood transfusions every month
3. CWith oral iron tablets for three months, then stopping
4. DWith folic acid alone

What is enzyme induction?

1. AA drug causes an allergic reaction to enzymes
2. BA drug blocks liver enzymes, so other drugs build up in the blood
3. CA drug is converted into an enzyme in the body
4. DA drug speeds up liver enzymes, so other drugs are broken down faster

With patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), who should press the button to give a dose?

1. AOnly the patient
2. BAny visitor who thinks the patient is in pain
3. CThe nursing assistant at set times
4. DA family member when the patient is asleep

Какой фактор повышает риск интоксикации литием?

1. AУпотребление дополнительной воды
2. BОбезвоживание
3. CДиета с высоким содержанием соли
4. DПриём дозы во время еды

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

1. AVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
2. BVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes
3. CVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid
4. DFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever

Which group of signs suggests opioid withdrawal?

1. ADry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision and confusion
2. BConstipation, itching and a slow heart rate
3. CPinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness
4. DYawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea

In myxoedema coma, why is hydrocortisone often given before or with thyroid hormone?

1. AThyroid hormone can trigger adrenal crisis if cortisol is also low
2. BThyroid hormone is inactive unless hydrocortisone is given
3. CHydrocortisone makes thyroid hormone work faster
4. DHydrocortisone prevents the hypoglycaemia caused by levothyroxine

Why is strict aseptic technique and a limited hang time needed for propofol infusions?

1. APropofol breaks down into a toxic gas after a few hours
2. BIts lipid emulsion lets bacteria grow if it is contaminated
3. CPropofol becomes more potent the longer it hangs
4. DLight exposure changes propofol into an opioid