Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Giving a patient immunoglobulin after exposure to an infection provides which type of immunity?

1. AInnate immunity
2. BActive immunity
3. CHerd immunity
4. DPassive immunity

Fluconazole is used to treat infections caused by:

1. AParasites such as malaria
2. BViruses such as influenza
3. CGram-negative bacteria
4. DFungi such as Candida

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood
2. BIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood
3. CIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well
4. DIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic

A patient is starting olanzapine. Which monitoring is most important over the following months?

1. AHearing tests and vision tests every month
2. BWeight, blood glucose and blood lipids
3. CINR and platelet count
4. DPeak expiratory flow

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs
2. BStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
3. CIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
4. DHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects

A man taking tamsulosin is planning cataract surgery. What should the nurse advise?

1. AThe drug has no link with eye surgery
2. BTake a double dose on the day of surgery
3. CStop the drug for one day and no further action is needed
4. DTell the eye surgeon, as it can cause floppy iris syndrome

A patient on adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis has a fever and cough on the day of her next injection. What should the nurse advise?

1. ADouble the next dose to make up for the infection
2. BWithhold the injection and get the infection assessed first
3. CStop the drug permanently without telling the prescriber
4. DGive the injection, as it will help the fever

A patient with asthma starts timolol eye drops for glaucoma and soon becomes wheezy. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe wheeze is unrelated to the eye drops
2. BTimolol activates histamine receptors in the lungs
3. CTimolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways
4. DThe eye drops contain an allergen that causes hay fever and asthma