Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Which harmless effect of rifampicin should patients be warned about?

1. AWhite spots on the teeth
2. BGreen colouring of the stools
3. CBlue colouring of the fingernails and lips
4. DOrange-red colouring of urine, sweat and tears

Пенициллины убивают бактерии, нарушая:

1. AСинтез клеточной стенки
2. BСинтез белка на рибосоме
3. CРепликацию ДНК
4. DСинтез фолиевой кислоты

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ABecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
2. BTo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
3. CTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
4. DBecause one drug alone causes no side effects

Why are benzodiazepines used with great caution in older people?

1. AThey cause severe high blood pressure in older people
2. BThey are not absorbed from the gut after age 65
3. CThey cause permanent hearing loss in older people
4. DThey raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures

A malnourished patient with alcohol dependence needs IV glucose. Which vitamin should be given before or with it?

1. AVitamin C
2. BVitamin D
3. CVitamin K (phytomenadione)
4. DThiamine (vitamin B1)

A 19-year-old starts an SSRI for depression. Which is most important for the nurse to monitor during the first weeks?

1. AHearing loss and tinnitus
2. BNew or worsening suicidal thoughts or agitation
3. CBlood glucose before every meal and at bedtime
4. DDaily bowel movements only

A toddler swallowed many of his mother's iron tablets. He has vomiting and bloody diarrhoea. Which drug may be used to bind iron?

1. AAcetylcysteine
2. BNaloxone
3. CActivated charcoal given by mouth
4. DDeferoxamine (desferrioxamine)

A patient who used heroin a few hours ago is given a first dose of buprenorphine and quickly develops severe withdrawal. Why?

1. ABuprenorphine is a high-affinity partial agonist that displaces heroin
2. BBuprenorphine causes an allergic reaction in heroin users
3. CBuprenorphine is a pure antagonist like naloxone with no agonist effect
4. DBuprenorphine has no effect at opioid receptors