Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
2. BIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain
3. CIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut
4. DIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain

Why is magnesium sulfate given to a woman with severe pre-eclampsia?

1. ATo raise her blood pressure
2. BTo start labour contractions
3. CTo prevent eclamptic seizures
4. DTo treat a urinary infection

On the WHO analgesic ladder, which drugs form the first step?

1. ALocal anaesthetic nerve blocks for all patients
2. BStrong opioids such as morphine given intravenously
3. CWeak opioids such as codeine or tramadol, used on their own
4. DNon-opioids such as paracetamol and NSAIDs

A person who has never been vaccinated against tetanus has a deep, dirty wound. What is usually given?

1. ATetanus vaccine and tetanus immunoglobulin
2. BOral antibiotics only
3. CTetanus vaccine only, after the wound heals
4. DNo treatment unless symptoms appear

A prescriber gives a verbal medication order in an emergency. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk another nurse to remember the order
2. BGive the drug without recording the order
3. CRemember it and write it in the chart at the end of the shift
4. DWrite it down and read it back to the prescriber to confirm

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest
2. BStraight after a large evening meal
3. CAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
4. DOnly when heartburn is severe

A patient develops a dry cough on an ACE inhibitor and is switched to losartan. Why is losartan less likely to cause cough?

1. AIt also acts as a bronchodilator
2. BIt blocks histamine receptors in the airways
3. CIt does not block the breakdown of bradykinin
4. DIt is excreted faster by the kidney

A postoperative patient using morphine PCA is very drowsy, hard to rouse and has a respiratory rate of 7 per minute. What should the nurse do first?

1. AEncourage the patient to press the button only when awake and in pain
2. BReduce the PCA dose and leave the pump running
3. CStop the PCA, try to rouse the patient and give naloxone as per protocol
4. DLet the patient sleep and recheck in one hour